Oil quality analyses of four autochthon

Key words: Oil quality, fatty acid composition, phonetic compounds, pigment content, mountain, Akers. Abstract Akers is a mountainous region characterized by an important olive biodiversity with high oil quality but little is known about this olive germless. The aim of this work is to analyze the oil quality of the most predominant varieties ‘Chitout', ‘El horn ‘Grades' and ‘Soulless' cultivated in this region.The most of the quality indices and fatty acid composition showed significant variations among the studied olive cultivators. Olive oil content is high for the four cultivators, especially for the variety ‘Grades' with approximately 67%. The cultivators ‘El Horn' and ‘Grades' had the highest values of ILEC acid (72. 8% and 74. 8%, respectively). While the varieties ‘Osculates' present the highest content of chlorophyll and carotene compounds.The cultivar ‘Grades' was also noteworthy for its higher content of phonetic compoun ds (720 MGM keg-l). In conclusion, the oil quality of the different studied cultivators is classified as extra-virgin oils with high ILEC acids and low palmists and lenience acids. These findings were of interest to protect the specimens studied cultivators, which can be used from the agronomic point of view to substantially improve the production of olive oil in the mountain of Akers. * Corresponding Shame et al.Author: Manias Raman' Shame 0 [email  protected] FRR page 124 Introduction Akers which is localized in the North West of Tunisia. Mountain people, who are among the world's poorest Several analyses were performed to characterize the and hungriest, are key to maintaining mountain different olive oils: free acidity, peroxide value, fatty ecosystems and their role in providing environmental acid composition, pigments content and phonetic services to downstream communities. Mountain compounds by HAPLY-MS.This is a preliminary study communities need to be empowered and their w ith the aim of finding any variable able to livelihoods improved, to enable them to take discriminate among the environmental extra-virgin responsibility natural olive oils and evaluate the oil quality of these resources and to fulfill their role as mountain varieties. Especially that, the olive cultivation could stewards (Walter 1986, Garcia-Uric and Lasagna- have an important role in the sustainable mountain Martinez development. 990, the preservation Blonde and of Aaron's 1999, MacDonald et al. ,2001, Roomer-Caldera and Perry 2004). Materials and methods Fruit samples In Tunisia, the mountains are characterized by an Healthy olive fruit samples of the varieties ‘Chitout', important olive biodiversity with high oil quality but ‘El Horn' ‘Israeli' and ‘Osculates' were picked at little is known about this germless (Manias et al. , industrial optimum ripening stage. The maturity 2013).This resource could be used from the index of all the olives was of 3 and wa s based on the agronomic point of view to substantially improve the degree of skin and pulp pigmentation according to the production of olive in the mountainous orchards, method developed by the Agronomic Station of Jagn pacifically, that olive is one of the few trees that can (Aced and Hermosa; 1998). This experiment was still produce fruits even on rock and unproductive conducted during the crop season of 2012-2013 in the land (Norman-Sabbatical et al. 2007). Mountainous olive orchard of Akers localized in North West Tunisia. The average annual On the other hand, virgin olive oil has a delicate and precipitation was 539 mm with the majority in unique flavor that distinguishes it from other edible October, December, and January. Average annual vegetable oils (Bosky. , 1996). Quantity and quality of temperature of the experimental orchard site is absences existing in the virgin olive oil such as fatty 13. C; the altitude is 1078 m, 35048†² N of latitude acids, phenols, chloroph yll and carotids are and 9021†² E of longitude. Affected by various factors including the type of the olive cultivar (Bacchius et al. , AAA; Certain et al. , Oil Content 2006 and Gomez-Rich. ,2008), climatic conditions For oil content determination, 40 g of olive fruits was (Agiler et al. ,2005), ripening stage (Salvadoran et dried in an oven at ICC to constant weight. The al. , 2001), irrigation management (Vivian et al. 2005) dried olives were crushed and extracted with hexane ND the extraction methods (Randall et al. ,2000). Using a Sloshes apparatus (Batch et al. , 1996). The Among these factors, cultivar is undoubtedly one of results were expressed as percentage of dry matter the most important. However, it is often ignored, either through lack of varietals information, or because the olive oil is a mixture of various varieties or even Analytical indices because emphasis has been laid only on its place of Determination of free acidity, peroxide value and origin (Lantern et al. 2002). Specific ultraviolet absorbency were carried out following the analytical methods described in the SEC The present work was carried out on the extra-virgin Regulation (1995). Olive oils of the four main olive varieties (Checkout, El Horn, Grades and Soulless) grown in the mountain of Fatty acids, peroxide value, and IV page 125 Spectrophotometer's indices (KICK, KICK) Fruits, destined and immediately frozen in liquid The quality indices of fatty acids, peroxide value, and nitrogen, were iterated in a blender.Approximately specific extinction coefficient KICK and KICK and 5 g of the powder obtained were homogeneity four AK were calculated from absorption at 232 and 270 times in 30 ml of methanol/water solution (80:20, spectrophotometer :v), containing 0. 5% sodium metabolites, and ANYWAY – 6405 IV Visible spectrophotometer, centrifuged at 5000 RPM at 3 co for 20 min. An England) according to the European Commission ethanol solution of resorcinol (0. 5 VI) was added as Regulation SEC/2565/91. Internal standard.The combined supernatant were respectively, by IV concentrated under reduced pressure and washed Determination chlorophyll carotene compounds Pigments with hexane. The remaining aqueous solution, partitioned four times with ethyl acetate in a water to were phase ratio of 1 was filtered on sodium sulfate determined by a spectrophotometer according to anhydrous) and evaporated to dryness at 30 co (Minimize-Mosque's et al. , 1991): 1 Goff olive oil was under vacuum. The dry residue was converted into dissolved in 10 ml of ISO-octane.The absorbency of trio-methyl's derivatives with a isolation mixture the solution was measured at 670 and 470 NM for made up of pyridine, hexane-idealizations and chlorophyll and carotene, respectively. Trimester-chlorinated for 1 h at room temperature. The silenced extracts were dried, Fatty Acid analyses dissolved in associate and further analyzed by GO and The fatty acid composition of oil samples was GO-MS. An HP model AAA, equipped with an on- determined as methyl esters by capillary gas column injection system, and coupled with a mass chromatography analysis after alkaline treatment. Elective detector model HP BIBB, was employed. The gas chromatograph (VARIAN CAP-3800 Gas Phonetic compounds extracted by ethyl acetate were Chromatograph) was equipped with an outsmarted identified by comparing both their retention times (CAP-8400), a capillary column HP Minnows (Agilest and mass spectra with those of authentic compounds Technologies, m x 0. 53 mm, 1 pm), a split- or reference standards. Spiritless injector and a flame unionization detector FIDE). Alkaline treatment was carried out by mixing Statistical analysis 0. Goff oil dissolved in 3 ml of n-hexane with 0. 5 ml The results reported in this study are the averages of of 0. 2 N methanol potassium hydroxide solution at least three repetitions (n = 3), unless otherwise according to the method of Erg SEC 2568/91. Stated. Chemical data we re analyses by the SLAT (version 2010. 4. 01). The significance of differences at Determination of total phenols a 5% level between averages was determined by one- Phonetic compounds were isolated by a 3-time way NOVA using Tutees and Dunce's multiple

Protestant Reformation: Review Activity

Objective: You are to practice creating essay outlines, the content of which will also assist you in reviewing for the quiz that will take place tomorrow.What you have to do:A. Review the example of a proper essay outline below and the example on the back. B. On separate sheets of paper create your own detailed outline in response to the essay question that follows (use your notes to assist you):1. Compare and contrast the motives, goals, and results of Martin Luther and Henry VIII in the movements that they led against the Roman Catholic Church. *Your outline should be at least two notebook pages in length.Essay Outline FormatI. Introduction A. Introductory sentence B. Thesis statement (can be 1 or more sentences)II. Body Paragraph #1 A. Topic sentence (an overarching introduction to the main point of this paragraph of evidence; it must relate or connect to the thesis) B. Identification of important details/evidenceIII. Body Paragraph #2 A. Topic sentence B. Identification of import ant details/evidenceIV. Body Paragraph #3 A. Topic sentence B. Identification of important details/evidenceV. Conclusion A. 1 or more sentences that summarize the main points of the essay. (It should not be a direct restatement of the thesis.)Essay Outline Example: Middle Ages v. RenaissanceEssay Question: Contrast the political, social, and religious structure of Medieval Europe and Renaissance Europe.I. IntroductionThesis: Medieval Europe differed greatly from Renaissance Europe in the areas of political structure, social norms, and religious influence.II. Political StructureA. Political Differences *Topic Sentence: The Medieval European style of feudalism contrasted greatly with the break from the same feudalistic system by the governing bodies of Renaissance Europe. 1. Medieval Europe was a feudal system.a.Kings. b. Nobles, c. Knights, d. Peasants (serfs) *Each group was dependent on the rest for survival. 2. Renaissance Europe broke away from the feudal system. a. Kings, b.Nobl es, c.Merchants/Middle Class, d. Peasaants *The bottom three groups had more opportunities for advancement.III. Social NormsA. Societal Differences *Topic Sentence: Another area in which Renaissance Europeans parted ways with Medieval Europeans was in social norms. 1.Medieval European life centered around the land and religion. a. Manorialismb. Little trade led to reduction in movement 2. Renaissance European life focused more on the worth and abilities of the individual to seek his or her own destiny. a. Increased trade created a middle class b. Reduced dependency on the landIV. Religious InfluenceA. Differing Roles of Religion *Topic sentence: In addition to political and societal differences, Medieval and Renaissance Europe also separated in their respective focus on religion. 1.Catholic life dominated Medieval Europe.a. Popes were often more powerful than secular rulers. b. Peasants could only find promise of a good life after death (heaven) 2.Renaissance Europe broke away from this focus on Catholicism to begin the inclusion of secular ideas. a. Growth of humanism b. Corruption of Church led to dislike of Church leadership. c. Attaining secular virtue through living a good life, rather than desiring to live a good life to attain spiritual virtue.V. Conclusion Renaissance Europe marked a departure from the norms of rigid political, social, and religious structures evident in Medieval Europe.

Dr. Pepper Snapple Group Inc.

Action Plan: Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Energy Beverages Action Plan: Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Energy Beverages Inhoud Introduction. 3 Analysis. 3 The Market. 3 Competitors. 4 Customer behaviour. 4 Marketing Mix 4ps. 5 Product. 5 Place. 5 Price. 5 Promotion. 5 Recommendation. 6 Target Market. 6 Product Line and Positioning. 6 Marketing. 6 Advertisements and Promotion. 6 Pricing. 7 Introduction The history of Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. is very complex, but all started when Jean Jacob Schweppe invented the world’s very first carbonated mineral water in 1783.A young pharmacist, Charles Alderton from Waco, Texas made Dr Pepper in 1885. It was only sold in the pharmacy where Alderton worked. In 1970 in the New York -region health food store owners invented a new apple soda, Snapple. The Unadulterated Food Corporation owned Snapple and later it becomes Snapple Beverage Corp. Within the years companies were growing and ownerships have been changed and Dr Pepper Snapple Grou p Inc. has formed from different beverage companies. Today Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. is one of the most known and largest non-alcoholic beverage producers in the U.S. Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. is in both the flavoured carbonated and the non-carbonated soft drink businesses. The most known brands are Dr Pepper, 7UP, A&W and Canada Dry. In 2007 Dr Pepper Snapple had an 18, 8 % share of the U. S. carbonated soft drink market segment. Dr Pepper Snapple was the only big non-alcoholic beverage company without its own energy drink in 2008. Basically Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. was struggling with a problem whether it should produce its own energy beverage or not.The main issue was would the launch of a new energy beverage be profitable and a wise investment for the future? Moreover, how can the new energy drink compete with other huge brands? There are several difficulties and elements to evaluate before entering the energy beverage market, such as the market itself, competitors, co nsumer behaviour and marketing. Analysis The Market The energy beverage market is one of the fastest growing and most innovative segments of the current beverage market. Red Bull, Monster Energy, Rockstar and hundreds of similar positioned brands had estimated sales of 6. billion dollars in 2006. From 2001 till 2006 the annual growth rate of the energy beverage market was 42. 5%. However, analysts are now projecting an average annual growth rate of 10. 5% from 2007 till 2010. This, we conclude, is due to market maturity, increased price and increased competition. In addition, one should also note that consumers in this market only choose up to 1. 4 different brands, which tells us the market is very loyal to existing brands. If a brand can build and maintain a sufficient customer base, they will benefit from loyal recurring buyers.The difficult part however is getting these loyal customers. Due to the above mentioned conditions, we find it a viable statement to describe the energy b everage market as profitable but tough. The market can be segmented through three main attributes; demographic, geographic and psychographic. As for demographic, the most profitable customers are male between the age of 12 and 34. However, we can’t say anything towards the income level, race and ethnicity of the consumers due to lack of information. We further believe that energy beverages are mostly onsumed in urban and suburban areas. If we in turn look at regions, we can state that the main consumption of energy beverages takes place along the west and east coast of the US. Psychographic segmentation shows us that the main parts of the market, the greatest consumers of energy beverages, are gamers, students and athletes. These groups of people look for an energy boost, to improve mental alertness, as refreshment and for the taste. Competitors The main competitor in the energy beverage market is Red Bull.The brand was introduced in 1997 and was the pioneer of its time. Red Bull has a high brand awareness due to its massive advertising efforts. For example: Red Bull Stratos  was a  space diving  project involving  Austrian  skydiver  Felix Baumgartner. Baumgartner broke the  sound barrier  on his descent,  thus becoming the first human to do so without any form of engine power. Eight million people viewed the Red Bull Stratos project live and hundreds of millions of people heard about it via every kind of media creating a massive publicity flow towards Red Bull.Currently Red Bull is the market leader, however, due to high prices and the increased competition Red Bull is losing market share and sales. Hansen Natural Corporation (HNC) is another strong competitor. They produce and manufacture a wide variety of non-alcoholic beverages in the U. S. However they are known for their energy drink: Monster, which we see as one of the most promising new energy drink brands. Recently HNC have benefited from distribution agreements. For example: Anheuser-Busch wholesalers distributed the brand to retailers in different territories in the US in 2007.They also distribute to on-premise retailers. This includes bars, nightclubs and restaurants in territories selected by Hansen Natural Cooperation. Furthermore, Monster Energy focuses on a specific age group. They focus on gamers, Extreme Sports enthusiasts and the hip-hip crowd. This enables them a huge market, mostly with the gaming community. The last prominent competitor is Rockstar Inc. Rockstar was introduced in 2001 and is distributed by the Coca-Cola Company. Rockstar, alike Monster, focuses its efforts on the gaming and extreme sports community.As of 2008 Rockstar holds a 14% market share in the US and thus, it must be considered to be a competitor. Customer behaviour The heavy user of energy beverages can be described as male between the ages of 12 and 34. According to statistics, the average American would consume about 4. 32 litre of energy drink a month. The beverag es are primarily consumed in the late afternoon and early in the morning. Most frequently, consumption takes place at home, in the car and at work/school. We can also state that convenience stores and supermarkets are the most dominant off-premises retail channel for energy beverages.The major reasons for the use of energy beverages are the need of an energy boost, for improving mental alertness, as refreshment and for taste. As previously stated, customers are loyal towards their brand though we still believe people will be willing to try a new product if it seems interesting and appealing enough. If the potential buyer is then satisfied with the product, through for example interesting brand, product fits their needs, is user-friendly and easy to access, loyal customers can be attained. Marketing Mix – The 4Ps ProductThe product is an energy drink which tastes good and gives a boost and refreshment to its users. The main ingredients which give the boost and taste are caffei ne, guarana and taurine. Probably stevia could be used as a sweetener; because it differs from competitors sweeteners. The product should be suitable for men who are 12-34 years old. The package should be convenient, for example a bottle with a screw cap since no other brand has such packaging. Also the size of the package is very important, since the 8. 3-ounze is the most popular but 16-ounze size represents 50 % sales in convenience stores.Place Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. bottling and distribution system supplies both off-premise and on- premise retailers, but off-premise retailers are more potential and efficient to the new energy beverage. Off-premise retailers contain massive part of the whole energy beverage sales. Price 2, 00$ per single-serve package is the normal retail price in the energy beverage industry regardless of package size. Promotion In order to launch the new energy beverage, introductory media advertising and promotion expenditures are essential.Even though Dr Pepper Snapple Group can’t afford the same kind of expensive marketing and sport sponsorships as their competitor Red Bull does, but by using efficient channels the new energy drink can still reach potential customers. Recommendation Target Market When Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. decides to introduce a new energy beverage on the market we recommend them to focus on male consumers between the age of 12 and 34. These consumers are, according to the statistics, the most profitable. They consume about 4. 32 litres of energy drink a month.The main consumers in this target market would be gamers, students and athletes. Furthermore, we recommend that Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. should focus on consumers that consume their energy beverage at home. We believe it is now very difficult to get a stronghold in on-premises as they are very loyal towards Red Bull and Monster energy drinks and therefore advise to focus on off-premises for selling the energy beverage. Product Line and Po sitioning When it comes down to the product line of Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. nergy beverages, we recommend they should firstly offer one flavour of energy beverage. This flavour can come both in a regular and sugar-free version. Furthermore, we recommend they should introduce a single-serve aluminium bottle shape with a resealable screw cap. By introducing this bottle we believe Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. can diversify from its competitors as they all have aluminium cans that upon opening can’t be closed. Furthermore, these bottles should be offered as a single serve to the consumers and with a 8-ounce content.We recommend that the brand should firstly get a stronghold onto the energy beverage market before offering multipacks and maybe even bigger sized bottles to its consumers. This also includes for introducing different kinds of energy beverages. These can be introduced onto the market when they have a build a strong and loyal brand. The current brands offer its con sumers â€Å"Energy† and â€Å"Mental Alertness† as benefits for drinking their energy beverages. As a competitive advantage Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. could offer an increased amount of caffeine, herbs and B vitamins per 8-ounce servings.Marketing Advertisements and Promotion In order to launch the new energy beverage, an introductory media advertising and promotion expenditures are essential. Even though Dr Pepper Snapple Group can’t afford the same kind of expensive marketing and sport sponsorships as their competitor Red Bull does but by using efficient channels the new energy drink can reach the potential customers. We recommend the use of social media like Facebook and Twitter. Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. has a free way to communicate with their potential consumers via social media.They have the opportunity to start contest and create a loyal group of followers. Furthermore, we recommend Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. to sponsor events to gain higher bran d recognition. Moreover, the bottle is an interesting way of getting the attention by having contest if they buy the bottle they can win tickets to a certain event which they could sponsor. Pricing When it comes down to pricing we recommend to be in the $2. 00 range. This price is offered by most of its competitors and is a price consumers are willing to pay for an energy beverage.However, we also think there is a possibility to have discounts or: â€Å"buy three bottles get one free† pricing to get the attention of the consumer. We also recommend tosee if an agreement can be made with large retailers such as Walmart to offer value packs at lower prices, this of course when the brand is settled in the market. In the end we believe that if Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc. follows these recommendations here above they have will have an energy beverage that can compete in the current energy beverage market and be one of the main competitors due to its diversified product- and price offering.References Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. [ 2 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. [ 3 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. Exhibit 2. [ 4 ]. Kerin, R. & Peterson R. (2013). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. Pearson. Exhibit 2.

Forum discussion- reply to Duane on my post Essay

Forum discussion- reply to Duane on my post - Essay Example In my current organization, I think the implementation and development initiatives are effective in that they are properly planned and carefully implemented in order to meet the needs of the employees and the organization as a whole. The human resources management is tasked with identifying the training needs of the employees as well as identifying the gap that exists between their current performance standards and the desired level of performance. The training program is then molded on the basis of this information and is goal oriented. The major strength of the implementation process of the training and development program mentioned above is that it is twofold; it is designed to fulfill the needs and interests of both the employees and the organization. However, the only weakness that can be seen from this program is that it could be subjective at times. The trainers may tend to incorporate their personal views in the training program instead of focusing on the needs of the employe es. In order to improve this, collective decision making should be implemented within the organization. This will help to reflect the needs and interests of all members of the

Benefits of Walking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Benefits of Walking - Essay Example Walking reduces weight by burning excessive calories in the body. For instance, a person who weighs sixty kilograms can burn up to seventy-five calories simply by walking for thirty minutes at 2mph. walking is therefore an exercise highly recommended for people who would like to lose weight. The faster an individual walks for a given time duration, the more calories are burned. Another health benefit of walking is that walking lowers the risk of getting certain diseases. Brisk walking for up to thirty minutes daily can help reduce the risks of getting diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart diseases, certain type of cancer and asthma among others. Doctors believe that walking improves blood circulation within the body therefore reducing the risks of getting diseases. In addition to lowering the risk of acquiring certain diseases and maintain good weight, walking gives an individual energy. Although it may seem a paradox, researchers have found out that brisk walking is an energizer. As an individual walks, blood circulation in the body is boosted which implies that oxygen supply in the body becomes sufficient thereby making one to feel energetic and alive. Walking also eases the muscle tension, strengthens joints and hence making an individual feel relaxed, and

Global Distribution Of Material Goods And Products Essay

Global Distribution Of Material Goods And Products - Essay Example An organization I worked for several years ago left me with many fond memories. I made many lifelong friends and enjoyed a pleasant environment. I later realized that the upper management cared little about the low wages employees earned I earned one raise of ten cents per hour in nearly four years, though I quickly became one of the top employees. I trained new employees and befriended everyone. I went the extra mile to show residents that I cared. My immediate floor nursing supervisors became my mentors. Co-workers in the same position as I were young females in their early 20s. We all worked hard with as much skill and caring as possible. Many of us grew close very quickly. We helped each other, supported each other during times of personal crisis and socialized together away from work. We found common ground and formed a culture of camaraderie, caring and moral support. Two groups of subcultures arose from this work situation. The subculture of nursing supervisors who were beginn ing their professional careers and families simultaneously formed one. Those of us who were single, young adults with a strong work ethic and sense of caring for others made up the other subculture. Upper management symbolically stated they did not belong to the general workforce, by locking themselves in their offices. Decisions were made by a couple hired as administrator and maintenance worker. The couple socialized with all staff and attended many functions outside of work. They became involved in each group dynamic as much as possible and were respected by everyone.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Economics - Essay Example tes are monitored and patterns are formed depending on the changes within the rate; those that monitor the rate trying to detect and understand the ways that the levels increase or decrease, or why there are so many or so few people that are unemployed and to the reasons behind those factors. The inflation rate is the measure of the increase of a price index. The rate of decrease in the power of purchasing is shown to be equal, or within the same range as the increase of a price index. The interest rate of an item, service, or monetary loan is the percentage of the principle that is paid as interest over a specific duration of time. The interest is involved in the inflation rate of an item as it adds or subtracts from the overall price index. The circular flow diagram illustrates the interaction of households, government, and business by showing how each of them influence the other and progress the workings of each other. The diagram shows the chain reaction that they all cause for each other, how the individual benefits the whole. The clockwise flow of the products, goods, and services are equally balanced by the counterclockwise flow of payments; everything is done in a pattern that can decrease or increase. Households purchase from businesses that get their products from their producers. The government falls into place when they charge taxes on the items being produced by companies and bought by consumers, or the households. Firms that are involved in this circle make factor payments, which include wages, interest payments, rent, and royalties in exchange for their labor services and any resources that they may buy. The circular flow diagram shows how each factor of the chart needs each other factor to function properly and to maintain business; it shows action and reaction in regards to consumerism. The circular flow chart is given its name because of this pattern, the continuous flow that these factors involve themselves and each other

History of work-family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Compare and Contrast Interviews Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Tourism in Manchester Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Tourism in Manchester - Essay Example The intention of this study is Manchester as the place of contrasts and a place of enormous wealth, meaning that it is a place that depicts the cultural heritage of different areas and tourists pay a huge amount of money for visiting these places. Similarly, another historian wrote about Manchester that it is a place which has all the basic necessities of life worthy for a standard lifestyle besides water, and among all this, the beauty of Manchester is the one that is worth seeing Ritvo. Asking from one of the respondents he replied: â€Å"it is the boundless beauty, worth seeing places, availability of all facilities like spa, beauty salon, shopping malls, dining, water parks and much more makes Manchester famous for tourism among tourists†. This takes us to the point that makes Manchester eminent among outsiders is its interminable beauty, untainted environment, and all the facilities that are available at the doorstep. Tourism places are always equipped with wonderful mast erpieces of architectural designs, museums, recreational places, and much more that not only enhance the real beauty of the respective place but attract different people from all parts of the world. As indicated by respondents they perceive that the factors responsible for increasing inclination of individuals towards the development of tourism industry are the never-ending beauty and availability of all the facilities at the threshold. Thus, if we critically analyze this point we can see that the tourism industry in Manchester has undergone a huge development because of its infinite beauty that has always and still is attracting tourists from different parts of the world.

Hyperinflation in Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hyperinflation in Germany - Essay Example Another factor which contributes to the cause was the reparations for the destruction caused after the World War I which had no returns. It was largely believed by Seflon Delmer that Germany's strategy of financing the war on credit basis leading to huge deficits caused the degradation of mark. The most important point to be noted is that Havenstien, Director of Reichsbank, whose inability to understand the causes for situation, instead of finding blamed it on reparations and increased the flow of money which is clear indication of deregulation from the economic point of view. Alex also argued on the role of industrialists in their effort to increase the inflation as most of the industrialists prospered during this period. All these factors laid the foundation for the rise of inflation in Germany during 1923 after World War I. (Alex De Jonge) During the period of hyperinflation, there was social unrest in the society. Alex in his articles using appropriate examples has tried to explain what the value of money was during this period and the government and capitalist intervention in regulation policies. Alex in his work mentioned that workers were paid five times a week due to weak performance of currency. From the economics perspective, the supply and demand are the most important factors and termed as wheels of the economy. Inflation is referred as a situation where level of prices increase and value of money declines. This was clearly reflected in the works of Alex De Jonge through an example of an author receiving advance payment for his work. But the time money reaches him, it is worth paying off the bills of postal charges. How much the value owed to the public can be understood from this example cited by Alex, wherein a Mayor presents a donation of 1,000,000,000,000 to Berlin couple, the value of which was no more t han half penny. The value of money was undervalued in such a way that currencies were found in gutter thrown away by the beggars. Due to the inflation crisis and loss on money value, many cities and individual firms started printing their own notes secured by food stocks and eventually gave rise to barter system of market trade after 500 years. This gives clear indication of laissez faire in the German economy where government's interference was almost negligible. Barter market gave rise to commodity value and commodities were exchanged giving rise to theft and burglary of mailboxes, door handle, telephone wires, shoes, etc. The article indentifies certain issues wherein government interference was necessary but did not act. The inflation was a period of prosperity wherein rich grew richer and poor were exploited heavily as in capitalist economy. Alex in his paper has tried to explain the causes and effects on Germany's economy which gave rise to once ancient barter system. The currency value lost its real value to such an extent that even beggars didn't had confidence in keeping it. According to Alex's view, Germany was cheaper to foreigners than to its own citizen. (Alex de Jonge) III. Socioeconomic and Political developments in Germany Post

Individual Perspective Paper Essay Example for Free

Individual Perspective Paper Essay Today modern psychology consists of many ideas of science and psychology of the past. Several psychologists have come together to share their perspectives and related ideas for the advancement of psychology. One major influence in early psychology is behaviorism and John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward C. Tolman are considered contributors to behaviorisms. These are distinguished psychologists who have different perspectives on conditioning and behaviorism and how their different practices can be used to treat patients dealing with different issues. This paper will elaborate on their perspectives and contributions and show comparison and contrast in psychology today. Over the years American psychology prepared the way for behaviorism to become the dominant force in the discipline. This is a result of three psychologists Edward Tolman, Clark Hull, and B.F. Skinner who followed in the footsteps of Watson. Psychology’s history frequently refers to Watsonian behaviorism that revolutionized in 1913 and was called â€Å"Behaviorist Manifesto†. John Watson was born 1878 and attained a Master’s degree when he was 21. Watson studied philosophy and sought out his own theories about behavior that he referred to as, â€Å"behaviorism†. Watson discovered the school of behaviorism in psychology and was also the founder. Behaviorism is learning perspective of psychology that is idea that all things are organism to included feelings, acting, thinking, and are rewards of behaviors. His theory that is known as classical behaviorism is considered classical conditioning. His belief is, people do not experience emotions; however, they are more responding stimuli. Watson’s idea for classical behaviorism was to produce more objective science (Goodwin, 2008). John Watson became more famous for his little Albert experiment. Little Albert was a child whose parents worked in the laboratory, and his parents had to bring him to work with them every day. Albert while at the lab played with the rat to keep busy. Watson noticed Albert’s behavior with the rat and considered it stimuli. He continued to have Albert play with the rat; however, Watson decided to conduct an experiment that he would hit a hammer this would signify that it was time to play. He conducted about seven presentations with the rat. He created a loud sound that scared Albert, and he started to develop a new response that was fear. The fear that Albert showed became more visible when he was present with other thinks that reminded him of the rat. These thinks could be dogs, furs, men with beard, and anything furry (Watson Rayne, 1920) The next psychologist to come along was B.F. Skinner who was born in 1904. Skinner attended Hamilton College in New York. Skinner was more into English Literature and had hopes of becoming a future writer, however he was unsuccessful. Skinner attended Howard University as a psychology student, after reading â€Å"An Outline of Philosophy† which spoke of John Watson. B.F. Skinner invented what known as the operant condition chamber and cumulative recorder. It developed the rate of response which became a dependent variable in psychological research. With this research Skinner was able to develop a more powerful, inductive, data driven method of experimental research. After these accomplishments he received his Ph.D. in psychology. B.F. Skinner discovered his very own perspective known as radical behaviorism. Skinner’s theory indicated behavior is a result of what was happening in the environment. The behavior would exhibit cause and effect, whether positive or negative. It determined the probability of the reproduction of the behavior. Skinner’s focused on heavy attention regarding schedule of reinforcement. Reinforcement indicated that the more attention given to the behavior, the reward is more likely to change. Once the behavior reoccurred the absence of the reward would decrease the likelihood of it would repeating itself. This type of conditioning is referred to as operant conditioning. It can be said that both Skinner and Watson’s had very similar outlook on behavior; however, they had one major difference. Watson argued against using reference in mental state and that psychology should be a study directly related to the behavior. Skinner rejected and stuck to his beliefs that everything was related to behavior (Goodwin, 2008). The next psychologist is Edward C. Tolman who had his own perspective on behavior which he referred to a purposive behaviorism. Tolman was born in 1886 and attained his Ph.D. at Howard University. Tolman believed that behaviorist methodology was not radical behaviorist like that of his counterpart Skinner. He also believed that learning will occur without reinforcement. He believed that the information that is learned would be used in different environments. The behavior was not only just automatic responses to the stimuli. Despite Tolman’s view with the behaviorist, his view of the subject became known for the cognitive theory of learning. His thoughts were that learning was developed by knowledge and cognition of the environment and its relation. Tolman’s also conducted experiment using lab rats; however, Tolman studied rats running in a maze without any reward and determine his own analysis. Thus he presented his theory that revealed learning could occur with the absence of a reward, and also humans learn without awareness. One the information is available or needed is when the person becomes aware of what has to be learned. His belief is that there are drives that motivate behavior and only when there is a shift in the motives then there will be a disturbance in the behavior. The comparison between Watson, Skinner and Tolman is that the all were psychologist and behaviorist. Their idea and belief is that behavior is the main reason a person function the way they do and the details differ. Watson believed that there is a connection between how people respond to the environment. If a person has difficulty with certain behaviors, psychologist ties to reverse the behavior modification in hopes of desensitizing the fears that would change the behavior. Skinner’s theory is different from that of Watson’s and indicated that behaviors are a result of consequences. He did not believe the idea of inner cause for a behavior, but the reappearance was based on the consequences received once the behavior is present. Skinner perspective is that reinforcement can help to reduce progression of a behavior. It there is a reward every time for the behavior it would eventually decrease. Tolman’s theory regarding behavior is that learning can occur even if there is an absence related to the reward without even knowing that learning occurred. Tolman’s greatest discovery was related to cognitive map. While researching behavior he noticed that thought processes occurred in his subjects. His cognition map is uses among other professions in modern psychology and he is known has the father of cognitive theory. In conclusion, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward C. Tolman are considered behaviorist of some type. The have strong beliefs in there underline behavior and found reason to support their theory. They are all considered the forefathers in psychology and their perspectives are contributions to the way behavior is seen today. Reference Goodwin, C. (2008). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Watson, J., Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned Emotional Reactions. Retrieved from http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/emotion.htm

Long Term Evolution (LTE) Technology

Long Term Evolution (LTE) Technology Long-Term Evolution [LTE] Abstract The 3GPP long-term evolution [LTE] is the step towards the radio air-interface evolution for 3G technology to deliver â€Å"Mobile Broadband†. It is being defined and standardized by the 3GPP to functionally evolve the radio access technology and enhance the performance of 3G technologies to meet user-expectations over long-term i.e, 10 years and beyond. LTE targets to achieve this by improving the 3G coverage, system capacity, data rates and spectrum efficiency. It also aims at reducing the latency and enhance other radio performance parameters while reducing user and operator costs. The above LTE requirements would be fulfilled by the use of new multiple access schemes on the air interface: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) in downlink and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) in uplink. Furthermore, Multiple-Input and Multiple Output(MIMO) antenna schemes are used to achieve higher bit-rates. The first section of the article present s the evolution of the 3GPP-LTE, while the second section lists the physical performance targets as defined by the standards. The section that follows presents the technical building blocks and the architecture of the LTE system. The article concludes by discussing the economic target defined by the standards and the current status of the LTE system. Introduction: The large-scale deployment of the Wide-band Code Division Multiplexing (W-CDMA) or the 3G technology across the globe prompted the 3GPP to take steps towards the evolution of the 3G air interface. The High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) was introduced in 3GPP Release 5[1] to increase the performance of the downlink while High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) was introduced in 3GPP Release 6[2] to enhance the uplink data rates. HSPA+(High-Speed Packet Access Plus) is being introduced in release 7[3] to enhance performance of HSPA based radio networks in terms of spectrum efficiency, peak data rate and latency, and exploit the full potential of WCDMA. The characteristics of HSPA+ such as the use of the downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), higher order modulation for uplink and downlink, improvements of layer 2 protocols, continuous packet connectivity and enhanced uplink meet immediate and mid-term needs of the end-users. However the operator and end-users expectatio ns are growing rapidly and alternative competitive access technologies are emerging continuously. To ensure long-term competitiveness of 3G technology, the 3GPP included the â€Å"Evolved UTRA and UTRAN â€Å"work item in 2004[3][4]. The aim of the work item is to investigate the means of achieving enhanced service provisioning by improving data rates, capacity, spectrum-efficiency, and latency thereby providing optimum support for packet-switched services[5][6]. Physical air-interface Performance Requirements of the 3GPP Long –term Evolution [LTE]: The requirements for the design of the 3GPP LTE system is prescribed in the 3GPP specification 3GPP TR 25.913[3] and is summarized as follows: Providing significantly higher data rates compared to the existing technology such as the HSDPA and enhanced uplink, with target peak data rates up to 100 Mb/s for the downlink and up to 50 Mb/s for the uplink. The capability to provide three to four times higher average throughput and two to three times higher cell-edge throughput when compared to systems based on HSDPA and enhanced uplink as standardized in 3GPP Release 6. Increased spectral efficiency upto four-folds compared to 3G technology. Improved architecture and signalling to significantly reduce control and user plane latency, with a target of less than 10 ms user plane RAN round-trip time (RTT) and less than 100 ms channel setup delay. Support scalable bandwidths of 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz and including bandwidths smaller than 5 MHz for more flexibility. In order to protect the investments already made by the operators, updates and modifications to the existing radio network architecture is being proposed. This involves a smooth migration into other frequency bands, including those currently used for second-generation (2G) cellular technologies such as GSM and IS-95. Support for operation in paired (Frequency Division Duplex / FDD mode) and unpaired spectrum (Time Division Duplex / TDD mode) is possible. Support for end-to-end Quality of Service Support for inter-working between the existing UTRAN/GERAN and other non-3GPP systems. The handover delay between them to be less than 300 milliseconds for real-time services and less than 500 milliseconds for non-real-time services. An enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service(E-MBMS) shall be supported. Reduced capital and operational expense shall be ensured. Optimized support for low mobile speeds (0-10 mph) as well as support for high mobile speeds (10 -30 mph). LTE System Building blocks: The following technological building blocks enable to meet the LTE system requirements as prescribed by the 3GPP: Radio Interface Technology: In order to meet the requirements of higher data rates, a new radio transmission technology called the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been selected for the downlink and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for the uplink. In an OFDM system, the available spectrum is divided into multiple carriers, called sub-carriers, which are orthogonal to each other. Each of these sub-carriers is independently modulated by a low rate data stream. Different bandwidths are realized by varying the number of subcarriers used for transmission, while the subcarrier spacing remains unchanged. In this way operation in spectrum allocations of 1.25, 2.5, 5,10, 15, and 20 MHz is supported. OFDM enables transmission adaptation in frequency domain in E-UTRA. OFDM has several benefits including its robustness against multipath fading and its efficient receiver architecture. It is used in WLAN, WiMAX and broadcast technologies. In order to achieve higher throughputs and increased spectral efficiency so as to meet the coverage, capacity and data rate requirements, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna solutions are used by the LTE systems. MIMO refers to the use of multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver side. MIMO beamforming could be used to increase coverage and/or capacity, and spatial multiplexing, sometimes referred to as MIMO, can be used to increase data rates by transmitting multiple parallel streams to a single user[7]. In order to meet the improved latency requirement, it was required to reduce the number of network nodes involved in data processing and transport. A flatter architecture[8] as prescribed by the standards would lead to improved latency and transmission delay. Figure below depicts a simplified LTE system architecture and it consist of two types of network nodes one at user plane and the other at the control plane. Evolved NodeB(eNodeB): It is the enhanced BTS that provides the LTE air interface and performs radio resource management for the enhanced LTE radio interface Access Gateway(AGW): It provides the termination of LTE bearer and acts as the mobility anchor point and packet date network gateway for user plane. SAE is a study within 3GPP targeting at the evolution of the overall system architecture. The focus of this work is on the packet-switched domain with the assumption that voice services are supported in this domain. This study envisions of an all-IP network [8] and the support of heterogeneous access networks in terms of mobility and service continuity[9]. LTE Economic Targets Benefits to Operators and End-users: Performance and capacity of LTE systems as discussed in the earlier sections shall facilitate the provisioning of high-quality multimedia-rich applications. While the users are catered with innovative services, the operators generate revenue from alternate avenues other than from voice. Avoidance of complicated architectures and unnecessary interfaces, reuse of existing system and spectrum, efficient operations and management along with the optimized performance by the radio technologies yield an overall reduction cost per bit. This benefit the end-users to access services at a low cost and operators benefit from low OPEX and CAPEX. Current Status and Future of LTE: For LTE that offers high-performance radio interface, it requires a high-performance core network inorder to experience commercial success. Impact on the overall network architecture including the core network is being investigated in the context of 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE). It aims at optimizing the core network for packet-switched services and including the IP multimedia subsystem that supports all access technologies. The combined evolution of LTE and SAE forms the basis for the 3GPP release-8. As of today[3GPP website], 3GPP has approved to freeze the functional requirements of LTE as well as SAE as part of release-8.[10] There is proof of substantial industrial commitment towards LTE deployment in form of contributions and intellectual inputs to the 3GPP LTE specification groups. Also, many recent press announcements from vendors and operators indicate the same[11]. References [1] 3GPP TS25.855, â€Å"High Speed Downlink Packet Access;Overall UTRAN Description†, version 5.0.0. [2] 3GPP TS25.999,†High Speed Packet Access Evolution, Frequency Division Duplex†, version 6.1.0 [3] 3GPP TS 25.913; Requirements for E-UTRA and E-UTRAN(Release 7) [4] 3GPP, RP-040461, †Proposed Study Item on Evolved UTRA and UTRANâ€Å", www.3gpp.org. [5] H. Ekstrà ¶m et al., â€Å"Technical Solutions for the 3G Long-term Evolution†, IEEE Communications Magazine, March 2006. [6] E. Dahlman et al. â€Å"The 3G Long-Term Evolution – Radio Interface Concepts and Performance Evaluation†, Proceedings of the VTC 2006 Spring. [7] http://www.3g4g.co.uk/Lte/Tutorials/RandS_WP_LTE.pdf [8] 3GPP TS 22.978; All-IP Network (AIPN) feasibility study (Release 7) [9] 3GPP TS 23.882;† 3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE): Report on technical options  and conclusions†, Release 7.1.9 [10] 3GPP TS 36.201;† Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Long Term Evolution (LTE) physical layer; General description†, Release 8.0.1 [11] http://www.etsi.org/WebSite/document/Barcelona_2008.pdf [12] http://www.ericsson.com/technology/whitepapers/lte_overview.pdf

Essay --

INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT II 016201300090 IR-1 / 2013 2013 I. System Theory – David Easton System theory was first announced by David Easton, a Canadian political scientist in 1965. He is most well-known for his proposal of applying the theory in the world of political science. System theory basically explains about how the environment and social life as well give contribution and affect the political system around them, and the process goes on cyclically. Firstly, there are demands or supports from the surrounding environment of the present time (demands of changes from people/citizens, for example: rise of salary, changes of policy, better welfare and public facilities). These demands are to be said by Easton as inputs, which then will be taken into account to the political system. Secondly, after going through considerations in political system, the received inputs leads the political system into making decisions and or actions, called as outputs given to the social environment (for example: new policy, new rules, new facilities). Thirdly, the ‘outputs’ are given to the environment and the political system lets them interact. If the outputs given resulting in some changes or improvement, it means there are outcomes. Lastly, after some time the environment interacts with the new outputs, there might be some more changes demanded to the outcomes (for example, the new policies/rules are too strict, the facilities needs be tter management). These new demands towards the outcomes are called feedbacks. Feedbacks will once again be taken into account by the political system, which we can consider as the new inputs - in other words it’s back to the first time, hence called a cyclical process. For example... ... utilitarianism could be done in a wrong way. For example, an act of stealing from the rich to give the benefits to the poor, will still be considered a good action. Even though the process could be considered as a crime, the purpose or result however, is to promote the happiness of the poor people; for what matters to utilitarianism is the results only, not the motives nor the methods – hence the questions arise about utilitarianism being unjust. However, according to Mill arguments regarding the protests, justice actually preserves peace among people, and that is the implementation of the definition of utilitarianism itself. Utilitarianism theory can also be implemented in government nowadays in case of creating rules and policies and especially in making decisions, in means that the decisions made can bring out the best results which will actually benefit people.

Essay --

Set in the ever changing world of the Industrial Revolution, Charles Dickens’ novel  Hard Times  begins with a description of a utilitarian paradise, a world that follows a prescribed set of logically laid-out facts, created by the illustrious and "eminently practical" Mr. Gradgrind. However, one soon realizes that Gradgrind's utopia is only a simulacrum, belied by the devastation of lives devoid of elements that "feed the heart and soul," as well as the mind. As the years fly by, the weaknesses of Gradgrind's carefully constructed system become painfully apparent, especially in the lives of his children Louisa and Tom, as well as in the poor workers employed by one Mr. Josiah Bounderby, a wealthy factory owner and a subscriber to Gradgrind's system. Dickens, through the shattering of Gradgrind's utilitarian world, tells us that no methods, not even constant oppression and abuse, can defeat and overcome two basic needs of humans, our fundamental needs for emotion and imagi nation. Louisa, Mr. Gradgrind's favorite child, the paragon of his factual regime, leads a broken and embittered life which ends in a showdown between the ideologies of facts and fancy. She is a prime example of a child "filled to the brim" with knowledge by her father's strictly scientific education. Confused by her coldhearted upbringing, Louisa feels disconnected from her emotions and alienated from others, yet she yearns to experience more than the hard scientific facts she has absorbed all her life. While she vaguely recognizes that her father’s system of education has deprived her childhood of all joy, she cannot avoid being coldly rational and emotionally blunted, unable to actively invoke her emotions. She would have been a curious, passionate person who ... ...olution; he believed in internal parity and the growth of the mind and the spirit. He demonstrated that the system that "grinds down," but never building up, will ultimately result in chaos and woe for all those subjected to it. Through Hard Times, Dickens argues that all humans have an unconquerable need for imagination, emotion, and love. He tells us that this need cannot be altered or thwarted by any method of education or economic oppression, no matter how strict and abusive it might be. Hard Times illustrates Dickens' belief that it does not matter whether one is born in a nurturing or an abusive and neglectful surroundings. What matters is how an individual's true nature responds, changes, asserts itself and molds his or her environment. In the end, whether one remains thwarted or strives to fulfill and complete their lives determines who each person becomes.

Sophocles Antigone - Creon is Donig the Right Thing :: Antigone essays

Defending Creon: a monarch within his rights to rule In Antigone, especially with the feminist movement now holding the title character, as prototypical downtrodden woman, the king Creon is often villified. While accepting the fact that Creon has misogynist tendencies, the gender issues can cause the pure argument of validity of actions, to fall by the wayside. So supposing for a moment, that Antigone's rebellion had been undertaken by a male, would Creon's choices have been different. Did he choose such harsh punishment and intractable course because Antigone was a woman ? As I read him, this is not the case. He has made a value judgement as to who is traitor and who is worthy. He has made a secondary judgement as to the rights of traitors, and the need of the people to know the consequences of traitorous acts. While one may disagree, with the value judgements he has made, as king he is well within his rights, indeed his obligation, to rule according to what he believes best at the time. Outcomes are not always the best vantage point from which to judge a man. Creon did not have the advantage the reader has of seeing final outcomes, indeed we must remember these outcomes were contrived by Sophocles, to illustrate his point of view. Is it not conceivable that in real life, these outcomes are far from assured, indeed a bit preposterous ? So then to summarize, Creon simply made his best decision, and that decision was with in his right to rule as the recognized sovereign. Â   On the surface, Antigone is the classic tragic hero, it is she that Sophocles wants us to be drawn to. It is Creon against who he stacks the cards. A writer's value judgement, nothing more. So then, once more assuming Antigone is a male instead, are her or his actions noble or foolhardy, and irresponsible. While on the surface it appears noble to risk death for a principle, is it really ? Aren't relationships more important than principles ? Much is made of Creon sentencing his own son's fiance to death, did she not by her foolhardy, kneejerk reaction sentence herself. Where is her consideration for her husband to be ? And her sister, who has lost so much, and now clings to her so desparately, is rebuffed and dismissed as not worthy of the glorious Antigone.

Case Study on Customer Quality Feedback at Apple Computer

In the fast- paced personal computer industry, it would be very tempting for a computer company to rush ha new product to market without taking the time to solicit customer input and feedback during the customer input and feedback during the product development cycle. To avoid this temptation and to highlight its commitment to customer satisfaction, Apple computer has developed a program called Customer Quality Feedback (CQF). CQF is a hands-on program providing Apple engineers with the ability to communicate with potential end users during the entire development cycle of an Apple product. The program integrates many of the features of a focus group but is sustained on an ongoing basis. It is also a very substantive and useful tool for Apple because it keeps the company attuned to the needs, preferences, and desires of its end users. For people interested in participating in the program, Apple has posted an application form on its website. The application form is fairly comprehensive and outlines the terms and conditions of participation. Although the program is open to anyone, it is clear that Apple wants well-informed participants who will stick with the program. Participants are selected based on their interest, ability to provide timely information, commitment to working with Apple personnel, and the suitability of their computing environment as it relates to Apple’s current needs. Once selected, the participants become an integral part of the development process for the products they are evaluating. They are provided early prototypes of Apple products and are asked to provide feedback pertaining to the product’s features, interaction with employees, ease of use, performance, compatibility with third party software, and other topics. The participants are also asked to provide suggestions as the product development cycle matures. The information provided by participants is fed directly to the apple engineers who are developing and testing the products. The overriding objective of the program is to incorporate customer input into the development of Apple products before they are shipped, rather than waiting for customers to react to the company’s products after they are made available for sale. Prior to a product launch, the CQF participants involved with the product are asked to write testimonials about their input into the product’s final design. These testimonials are used by Apple to demonstrate to other potential end users how Apple incorporates user feedback into the design and development of it products. Apple’s CQF program is a good, example of a proactive approach to satisfying customer needs. It is also evidence of the company’s willingness to â€Å"listen to the voice of the customer† in its product development and design. These are important steps in the development of a customer-driven approach to quality.

Crisis Management Communication Plan Essay

Create a 750- to 1,050-word crisis management communication plan for a health care organization or health care setting with which you are familiar. Include the following in your plan:  · An explanation of how communication dynamics may differ in times of crisis, mass trauma, or disaster  · Three ways to reduce stress during a crisis  · Three ways to resolve potential communication challenges Cite at least two peer-reviewed references supporting the strategies used in your communication plan. College life is much different than life at home. Your parents aren’t there to help whenever you need them and you’ll be entrusted with far more responsibility than you’re used to. Make sure you stay organized and manage your time wisely or you’ll find yourself drowning in your new found responsibilities. There is HCS 350 Week 5 Crisis Management Communication Plan in this pack. General Questions – General General Questions Resource: Assignment Grading Criteria: Crisis Management Plan Create a 750- to 1,050-word crisis management communication plan for a health care organization or health care setting with which you are familiar. Include the following in your plan:  · An explanation of how communication dynamics may differ in times of crisis, mass trauma, or disaster  · Three ways to reduce stress during a crisis  · Three ways to resolve potential communication challenges Cite at least two peer-reviewed references supporting the strategies used in your communication plan. College life is much different than life at home. Your parents aren’t there to help whenever you need them and †¦ Search for more tutorials here – https://bitly.com/12CbKhM College life is much different than life at home. Your parents aren’t there to help whenever you need them and you’ll be entrusted with far more responsibility than you’re used to. Make sure you stay organized and manage your time wisely or you’ll find yourself drowning in your new found responsibilities. General Questions – General General Questions Resource: Assignment Grading Criteria: Crisis Management Plan Create a 750- to 1,050-word crisis management communication plan for a health care organization or health care setting with which you are familiar. Include the following in your plan:  · An explanation of how communication dynamics may differ in times of crisis, mass trauma, or disaster  · Three ways to reduce stress during a crisis  · Three ways to resolve potential communication challenges Cite at least two peer-reviewed references supporting the strategies used in your communication plan.

A pair of blue eyes Essay

With reference to the first seven chapters, show how Hardy uses the novels setting to develop character It has been said by many critics, that the main focus of Hardy’s pre-19th century novel â€Å"The Return of the Native†, is none of the characters, but the almost animate heath land upon which it is set. Hardy’s methods of describing the heath, allows us to view it as several different things to several different characters, for example, Eustacia Vye, to whom the heath is a prison, or Clym Yeobright, husband of Eustacia, who views Egdon Heath as an area housing the commonest man, a group of people who have been transformed into simplicity by the heath, who he can educate. One possible reason of this is because the heath is written to seem almost ancient, thus has had time to adapt to the way nature shapes the landscape at its will, â€Å"at present, a place perfectly accordant with mans nature â€Å". With features such as barrows, Hardy has created a religious, almost pagan feel to the heath land, with on which the main characters congregate in the first few scenes, to hold a bonfire, giving the night air upon the land an eerie feeling throughout the rest of the book. The weather upon the heath through the early chapters is somewhat harsh, â€Å"the storm was its love, the wind was its friend† yet still the characters persist to roam the heath at night, Eustacia especially, searching endlessly for an escape. One good example is where Eustacia awaits Wildeve upon a barrow, but she utters a sigh as she waits, pondering whether he will arrive, â€Å"thrown out with the winds, it became twined in with them†. It is events like these which Hardy gives us insight to, that we can see the development of the characters, for example, this is just another step of Eustacia becoming even more heavily buried within the land. Hardy also uses inanimate objects other than the heath, to create an atmosphere, such as the fire which burns between Wildeve and Eustacia as they speak,† The revived embers of passion glowed clearly in Wildeve now†. However, Eustacia does not light a communal bonfire for the sake of community, nor for the sake of sanity, similar to the locals who feel that communication through bonfire separates them from the heath,† perhaps as many as thirty bonfires could be counted within the whole bounds of the district†. She lights her fire, and attempts to communicate with something which will set her free from the realm – a man, to either take her from Egdon to America, such as Wildeve promises, or back to Paris, the location from which her husband has come. Another interesting feature of Hardy using objects, rather than words or actions to describe how a character feels, is Eustacia constantly viewing the heath from her telescope, as if she is hoping for some kind of miracle, a ‘knight in shining armour’ to come and whisk her from her feet. Another good example of a similar event is her checking her hourglass while waiting upon the heath. These two items, the telescope in particular being from distant places (of which she wishes she could travel to), differ significantly from peasant tools or items, from which she is eager to disassociate herself from. However Hardy is again referring to the vastness of the heath, by implementing a telescope, and the immense age of the heath, by an hourglass, however, for Eustacia, the hourglass diminishes the vastness of the heath, almost providing her with something she’s wished for. The heath folk seem to exist in a more than comfortable relationship with the heath, and the heath in a comfortable relationship with civilisation, as it becomes overgrown; the humans cut the furze and faggots, and put them for good use – fire. The folk seem to be driving off the darkness, upon November 5th, Guy Forks night, upon a barrow used for burials in the past, â€Å"the ashes of the original pyre which blazed from that summit lay fresh and undisturbed in the barrow beneath their tread†. The ‘locals’ don’t even appear to be celebrating this fact, more so finding comfort in the spotting of other fires lighted in the district. The people here are highly superstitious, and due to the size of the community, and involvement with other communities (very little), the heath only fuels their ideas, as is shown in the third chapter, when the heath folk are talking about Christian – a man who no man would marry, for the reason of the date he was born upon having no moon,†No moon : hey neighbours, that’s bad for him†? This early superstition in the novel serves many purposes, the main ones being reader interest, and plot evolution – for it is a form of superstition, voodoo, which a heath folk uses against Eustacia as she finally tries to negate the heath, causing her death. Another pastime which suitably provides the heath inhabitants when they are not creating fire is gossip. The heath only fuels the peoples desire to talk about others’ business, because the community is very small, so hence everybody is aware of the news of everybody else, for instance, the news of Clyms success as a scholar travels for miles before he has even reached the age of three. Personally, I do not subscribe to the belief that the heath is a character within its own right, even though Hardy inspires such thoughts with phrases such as â€Å"The storm was its lover, the wind was its friend†. I believe that Hardy’s immense concentration upon the heath is merely a sign of two its importance to the play, and as a method which he can use to develop the rest of the characters, such as Eustacia, helping her to constantly arrive at a â€Å"state of enlightenment which feels that nothing is worthwhile†..

Barriers To Parental Involvement

Significance of Parental Involvement to Student Achievement Education is one of the basic rights of a person and improving the state of education has become the priority for almost all nations. Innovations in teaching lessons such as the use of computers and multimedia became an established way in achieving quality education. However, improving the state of education does not solely rely on new technologies and better books or other utilities.Research done by the United States Department of Education in 1994 showed that parental involvement in a child’s learning can have greatly decrease drop-out rates in schools and have positive effects on a child’s achievement (Educational Resources Information Center, 1998, p. 1). Involvement of parents can be defined as the inclusion of dyadic relationships between the child, parent, teacher or the child’s legal guardian (Edgrowth, http://www. edgrowth. com/p2. html).Parental involvement that can enforce positive effects on a student’s performance can also be classified into different types. The three broad types that are often used to categorize parental involvement are â€Å"at home† or â€Å"at school†. At home parental involvement means that the activities the parent’s take part in are limited to school works that are brought home such as home works or school projects. The second type of parental involvement is at school which basically means that the parents are involved in school activities (Patrikaku, 2005, 8).Another type of parental involvement is through advocacy activities such as being a member of PTA/PTO organizations and other organizations which greatly boost the representation of parents and students in the school and community (Chavkin, 1993, p. 191). Since the early 1980s, the United States has stressed the importance of parental involvement in children’s development. In order to stress out the importance of this involvement, many states in America e nacted legislations that will increase the involvement of parents in school programs.Some of these legislations are in Connecticut, Michigan, Ohio and South Carolina. These states require the student’s parent or guardian to be actively involved in school activities. They also require the parents or guardians to record and report the activities they do with their child (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006, p. 152). The greatest gains that can be made when parents are involved in their children’s learning can be achieved when the parent’s are not only mere supporters but also if they are greatly involved in the activities.Deep involvement means that the parent’s not only supervise the children but also act as tutors when the children are at home. (Hornby, 2000, p. 3). Therefore the establishment of extensive parental involvement is a very important element in maintaining and securing the effectiveness of quality education. Numerous b enefits of involving parents in a student’s learning justify why this kind of involvement is important. Research done in the United States show that when parents play a role in their child’s education, the students do not only benefit academically but also socially.The research also showed that family income and social status are not accurate indicators of whether a student will succeed. (Franklin, et. al. , 2006, p. 630). The environment that a family creates when they are involved in a student’s learning makes a student want to achieve more. Also, when they support and express high expectations from their children’s education, the children tend to achieve more. Additionally, children learn the value of their achievements no matter how big or small it is therefore encouraging them to be proud of who they are.Other researchers were able to deduce that parental involvement is directly related to student achievement. The students who had their parents invol ved in their education were observed to have better performance in school. The students had better attendance and decreased drop-out rates. The attitudes and behaviors of the students were also improved. School bullying was not observed from the students who are effectively guided by their parents (Hawes, et. al. , 2001, p. 742). When a parent guides their child in school through positive involvement, the child also learns how to be responsible and have good leadership skills.Studies show that the ability to make wise decisions start from decisions that are made within the family. Therefore if a child is taught wisely, the child will be able to make sound decisions when he is at school and especially when he grows up (Michigan Department of Education, 2010l). From the very early stages of studying, parental participation deeply enhances the academic achievement as well as a child’s adjustment in school. It also allows students to have better opportunities to cultivate scholas tic and social skills.These skills if developed well will be helpful in later school success and long-term cognitive benefits (Wong, K. , et. al. , 2002, p. 184). Importance of parental involvement is also highlighted because students whose parents are involved in school have good discipline at school and have better communications with their teachers. Unlike other students who disobey their teachers and do not behave well in class, these students do not get detentions often. They also respect their teachers like how they respect their parents (Va Educational Research Service (Arlington), 1997, p. 7).School administrators also refrain from unsatisfactory work when it comes to monitoring children. Indeed parental involvement is very significant in a student’s development and their achievement. Its importance is proven by numerous studies done not only in the United States but also in other countries. Its significance encourages more schools to pursue their students’ par ents to become more actively involved in school activities. It also makes communication between school and the parents better. Children are undoubtedly stimulated to achieve more and do well in school. Socio-Economic BarriersMaking majority of parents involved in the children’s education is not an easy task for educators. There are many impediments in parental involvement that school administrators face. Though there are legislations made for this, barriers such as socio-economic factors are not easily eradicated. Socio-economic status or SES can be defined as an individual or family’s social and economic position that is basically based on the family income and occupation, parental education level, and social status in the community (North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, http://www.ncrel. org/sdrs/areas/issues/students/earlycld/ea7lk5. htm). Students who belong in lower socio-economic class or the working class have lesser parental involvement than those who belong in the upper socio-economic class. This is partly because the parents of the latter spend more time with their children than those from the lower social class. Parents who are not very affluent spend majority of their time at work therefore reducing the time that is supposed to be spent guiding their children (King. W. , 1999, p. 64).Working class parents also refrain from developing communication relationships with their child’s teachers thus resulting in lack of information when it comes to school activities and happenings inside the classroom (Galen, J. , et. al. , 2007, p. 169). Another barrier in parental involvement that is related to the socio-economic status of a parent is when school administrators favor students whose parents are more supportive of school policies. These parents give more to school projects in terms of monetary donations therefore making them more actively participate in school.Also, there are cases where in students from disadvantaged famili es experience double jeopardy in school. The â€Å"double jeopardy† happens when students who have low socio-economic status live in disadvantaged communities and are also doubly inclined to attend disadvantaged schools. Though they can choose to attend better schools, they are sometimes segregated by these advantaged schools therefore discouraging them from doing better in class. Segregation happens when the said schools choose the most able youth in school activities thus neglecting other students (Richardson, S. , et. al. , 2005, p.213). Another study showed that parents who live in communities with poor socio-economic status are not very easy to reach in terms of communication (Van Wyk, et. al. , 2008, p. 17). They either settle in different places in a short-span of time partly because they do not have sufficient financial resources. Some are difficult to reach because they deem parental involvement in school as a waste of time and that they should be earning money for t heir family than attending school functions. Lack of access to financial resources is seen to be a growing problem in schools today (Thomas, L. , et. al., 2007, p. 68). Cost of education is slowly increasing and some parents choose to have their children out of school in order to meet the demands of their basic needs. When this happens, the number of out-of-school children increases. Thus, the needed opinion from parents to make the quality of education better is not given. When a certain family belongs in a community from a low socio-economic status, they tend to feel isolated because of poverty and unemployment. This social isolation will have a negative impact on the parents’ and children’s socialization skills especially to the school (Lyman, R., et. al. , 1989, p. 211). Some parents express fear about communicating with teachers because they are afraid that they will be treated fairly by teachers. Discrimination or unfair treatment due to their class is also feare d by parents from low socio-economic background. Additionally, depending on the socio-economic background of the parent, they may adapt well to the advocacies done by the school and the activities performed by schools (Porter, L. , 2008, p. 35). They can either choose to easily accept these school policies or not and this will greatly affect the success of parental involvement.Language Barriers The use of languages sets humans apart from other living organisms. It is a vital tool that is utilized to communicate with others and understand each other. However, because of the many different spoken languages, people from different nationalities find it difficult to reach each other. In case of parental involvement, language is also another barrier in achieving the benefits of parental involvement. School activities such as Parent-Teacher Association meetings are deemed important in involving parents in the child’s school.It is one way to let the parents know of the problems of th e school and the students and how they can help the school solve these issues (Struck, D. , 1995, p. 17). However, when meetings are held in a school that caters to widely diverse nationalities, language is a problem. Not everybody speaks and comprehends one language, therefore making understanding difficult. Parents who belong to the minority or other nationality for example Asians feel that it may be disrespectful if they will talk to teachers and not be able to fully understand what the teacher is saying (Diane Publishing, 1998, p. 21).Minority parents also feel awkward when approaching teachers and other staff from their children’s school because they feel that they will not be able to understand each other. There are also instances where in because of the language barrier, parents from the minority are no longer invited to attend school activities because instead of making understandings, more arguments are made (Rockwell, R. , et. al. , 2009, p. 95). Though there are tr anslations services offered by some schools that advocate parental involvement school, difference in language is not that easily overcome by some school administrators (Funkhouser, J., 1997, p. xlv). This is because translators are unable to translate all languages that may be used by parents. Additionally, not all parents, especially from the minority are not that welcome to the idea that someone is translating for them. School Receptivity The school’s receptivity also plays as a factor in the success of parental involvement. If the school welcomes the parents well and if they are open to the opinions of the parents, hindrances to parental involvement will be avoided. School receptivity is, based on researches found to be a great predictor of how willing school’s are (Robinson, E., 2007, p. 11). However, not all schools are very receptive to parents at school. Research showed that there were teachers who did not communicate well with parents thus resulting to too many miscommunications (Nelson, G. , 2005, p. 253). Projects that were started both by the school and the parents in order to guide students failed. Because of this, some schools refrain from involving parents too much in school activities and other advocacies. Family members and school personnel are the people responsible for a child’s education.Aside from this, these people also contribute to the betterment of the educational process (Hiatt-Michael, D. , 2010, p. 4). Their receptivity towards each other is fundamental to the construction of a child’s knowledge. The greater the receptivity, the better the relationship between the parents and the school is and better decisions will be made for the benefit of the students. As mentioned before, there are parents who are afraid of talking with teachers because of socio economic and language barriers. The same goes with school administrators and other school personnel.Some of them do not accept much of the parent’s invo lvement in teaching students for this may cause confusion in the part of the students. Indeed, school receptivity is a major factor in the implementation of parental involvement in a child’s study. Even if there are numerous laws or regulations that encourage parents to be involved in schools, if the school itself is not receptive to these policies, the parents’ effort to support their children’s education will all prove to be futile. Parent Aspirations As parents, it is only natural for them to aspire for something good for the future of their children.In order to prepare them for it, they send them to the best schools, give them the best resources that they can afford and guide them very well on what decisions should be made. Their involvement in the children’s school is also another method of preparing their children that better future. Through proper academic encouragement, parents can greatly help their children achieve in school (Valencia, R. R. , 2 002, p. 125). However in cases of disadvantaged families, their aspirations for their children might lack and result to the student’s poor performance in school.Because of their status they tend to be more negative that parents who are affluent or parents who are not that disadvantaged. Parents from disadvantaged families are by research more pessimistic than those who are not disadvantaged (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2010, p. 179). Parents who are from poor families also have the tendency to settle for less than ambition for something great. When they let their children attend school, they do not pursue a college degree because they think that graduating from secondary school is enough to get a decent job (Combat Poverty Agency, 1999, p.10). When these parents do not have high aspirations for themselves or their children, they also refrain from being involved in school activities. They think that it is just a waste of time and that it will not be necessary in finding decent jobs in the future. They also do not want to be involved in their children’s school because they might have experienced something negative which led to their low aspirations in life. On the other hand, if the parents, even if they belong in a disadvantaged family, have high aspirations for their children, then their involvement in the school will be high.This will lead to their children’s high achievements and to do well in school. Additional Barriers Aside from the barriers to parental involvement mentioned above, there are still more problems that serves as hindrances to parental involvement for disadvantaged families. These barriers are the reasons why parental involvement is not that effective in some schools. If not dealt with properly, both y the school and the parents, the construction of education of the student will be gravely affected. The structure of the family can be considered as another barrier in parental involvement especial ly for disadvantaged families.For an instance, if the family belongs to the single-parent structure, then it will be difficult for the parent to be involved in school activities. It will also be hard for her to teach the children after school because the said parent will be performing the roles of two parents at a single time (Callison, W. , 2004, p. 2). The working schedule of the parent is also another barrier in parental involvement. If the parent is working full time, then it will be difficult for them to be involved in school activities which aim to give their children better education.Meetings such as PTA meetings will clash with their work scheduled and they will have to sacrifice one or the other based on their time schedule. If they belong to a lower socio-economic class or from a disadvantaged family then they will surely choose their work because making money for their family will be their utmost priority. Other children in the family can also be another barrier in parent al involvement. There are cases where in the disadvantaged family has too many children. Because of this, they cannot focus on the welfare of one child alone.They sometimes neglect or sacrifice the education of their other children to give way to their younger children. They cannot support the school’s advocacies because they have other things to do for their other children (Openshaw, L. , 2007, p. 60). For disadvantaged families who came from other countries or are immigrants, cultural differences may be a barrier for them. What they are used to do in their home country may vary on the place they currently reside in. Miscommunications will be the result of cultural differences between the parent and the teachers.What the teacher will say might mean entirely different to the parent based on the culture he grew up in. Elderly parents or guardians can be another barrier in parental involvement especially for disadvantaged families. Elderly people are sometimes too conservatives when it comes to changes in policies or how things are ruled. When the school wants a new regulation that will be for the welfare of the students, there is a chance that they might resist this change. Instead of helping the school to provide better services, their being conservative will only hinder the positive changes enforced.Transportation can also be considered as another barrier in parental involvement. For disadvantaged families especially, spending money on transportation to go to their child’s school can be called luxury. They might be unable to afford transportation so they will just skip the meetings or other advocacies implemented by the school. Negative or other traumatic experiences that a parent had when they were at school can be another barrier for parental involvement. Due to the negative experiences they had when they were students, they might shun connection with schools when they grow up.More often than not, parents send their children to schools they we nt to when they were younger. Though the staff that administers the school may be different during their children’s time, the trauma brought about by their negative experiences may result in their refusal to be involved in the school again. Indeed there are more barriers to parental involvement especially for disadvantaged families that are being discovered by studies done by experts. Unless they are dealt with properly, implementation of parental involvement in schools will not be successful. References Callison, W. (2004). 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